![]() ![]() The lightest element was hydrogen (atomic number 1) and the heaviest element was uranium (atomic number 92). The first modern periodic table was created in 1869. Copper and chlorine are slightly unusual in that they both have two relatively common isotopes. All of the other elements listed in the table above have isotopes that are even more common (practically 100%). ![]() 98.94% of the carbon atoms on Earth are 12C, 99.64% of the nitrogen atoms are 14N, 99.76% of the oxygen atoms are 16O, 75.76% of the chlorine atoms are 35Cl, 96.94% of the calcium atoms are 40Ca, and 91.75% of the iron atoms are 56Fe. 99.99% of the hydrogen atoms on Earth are 1H, so when we talk about the “hydrogen” atom, we usually mean 1H. It is easy to get lazy and ignore the fact that most types of atoms can exist as several different isotopes because one of those isotopes is usually far more common than the others. However, the actual mass of a mole of copper will depend on the composition of the specific sample. One mole of copper will therefore have a combination of both copper-63 atoms and copper-65 atoms in it, and the “molar” mass of copper is considered to be 63.546 g/mol. Copper-65 has a greater mass than copper-63 because it has two more neutrons in its nucleus. It has a mass number of 65 (29 protons and 36 neutrons) and an atomic mass of 64.9278 u. Most of the remaining 31% of copper atoms on Earth are copper-65 ( 65Cu). It has a mass number of 63 (29 protons and 34 neutrons) and an atomic mass of 62.9296 u. About 69% of the copper atoms on Earth are copper-63 (this percentage may vary in other solar systems and galaxies). Copper-63 ( 63Cu) is the most common isotope. ![]() Copper can exist as 29 different isotopes, and two of those isotopes are stable. There is not just one type of copper atom. Both protons and neutrons have masses approximately equal to 1 u (1 proton ≈ 1.0073 u, 1 neutron ≈ 1.0087 u, and 1 u ≈ 1.66 × 10 -27 kg), so the mass of a copper atom will be approximately 63 u, and the mass of 1 mole (6.022 × 10 23 atoms) of copper will have a mass of approximately 63 g. Because almost all of an atom’s mass is in its nucleus, we can estimate an atom’s mass just by counting its protons and neutrons. A neutrally charged copper atom will then have 29 electrons in orbit around its nucleus (29 − 29 = 0). This means that the copper atom has 29 protons and 34 neutrons in its nucleus (29 + 34 = 63). The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, and the mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. This makes it easier to understand and predict how atoms will interact to form chemical bonds.Copper has an atomic number of 29 and a mass number of 63. The configuration notation provides an easy way for scientists to write and communicate how electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom. This give us the (correct) configuration of:įor the Cu+ ion we remove one electron from 4s1 leaving us with:įor the Cu2+ ion we remove a total of two electrons (one from the 4s1 and one form the 3d10) leaving us with Therefore, one of the 4s2 electrons jumps to the 3d9. ![]() Half-filled and fully filled subshell have got extra stability. Therefore we have (still incorrect) 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 63d 94s 2Ĭorrect Electron Configuration for Copper (Cu) Both of the configurations have the correct numbers of electrons in each orbital, it is just a matter of how the electronic configuration notation is written ( here is an explanation why). Note that when writing the electron configuration for an atom like Cu, the 3d is usually written before the 4s. Therefore the expected electron configuration for Copper will be 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 23d 9. After the 4s is full we put the remaining six electrons in the 3d orbital and end with 3d9. We now shift to the 4s orbital where we place the remaining two electrons. Since the 3s if now full we'll move to the 3p where we'll place the next six electrons. We'll put six in the 2p orbital and then put the next two electrons in the 3s. The p orbital can hold up to six electrons. The next six electrons will go in the 2p orbital. Since 1s can only hold two electrons the next 2 electrons for Copper go in the 2s orbital. In writing the electron configuration for Copper the first two electrons will go in the 1s orbital. Video: Cu, Cu +, and Cu 2+ Electron Configuration Notation ![]()
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![]() ![]() Unusable on iOS 6, even radio apps crash, I think the only consistent app I’ve had with no crashing - albeit with terrible keyboard slowdowns - is notes, which tells you everything you need to know) and while the A6 on iOS 10 is a little better, it’s still painfully slow, if the benchmark is original versions. ![]() The A5 is incredibly slow on iOS 9 (I’ve tried it) the A4 is also incredibly slow on iOS 6 (I’ve tried it too! I have two iPod Touch 4G, one on iOS 5 and one on iOS 6 and the difference is astounding. I mentioned this elsewhere, but Apple has been pretty consistent in that iOS updates’ impact on devices have a clear, direct threshold to determine their severity: pre and post 64-bit architecture.ģ2-bit devices were obliterated in every regard. Mine is deliberately stuck on iOS 12 though, so I can’t give any insight on my experience in regards to that.Ĭlick to expand.Thank you for your insight! That’s just how I imagined it was, then. Like memory management, maybe standby runtime also took a hit. However, like you said, maybe it’s iPadOS. I haven’t noticed much difference with iOS 9 to be honest, it‘s just that on-screen time is paltry. This is why I am surprised though: my standby time has been stellar, even if on-screen time has suffered a lot. Apple forcibly updated it to iOS 12 (The infamous A9 activation bug on iOS 9), and immediately after updating, battery life barely scraped 10 hours, with very light use, and varied, often getting even less. My 9.7-inch iPad Pro was almost like-new with 85% health on iOS 9, standing at around 14-14.5 hours of pretty light screen-on time when it was new, and dropping to around 13-13.5 hours with 85% health. Battery life too, but not as much as iPhones: iOS 13 obliterated the iPhone 6s’ already mediocre battery life (dropping it to like 3-4 hours of screen-on time) only to be reduced further by iOS 15. I haven’t noticed many memory management issues on iOS 12 when compared to iOS 9, and yeah, I’ve heard others mention the same thing: performance really decreased on older iPads since the introduction of iPadOS, unfortunately. That being said, Retina displays, larger screens and more powerful/recent SOCs definitely improve the experience noticeably, but I always try to make the most out of existing hardware if the cut-backs are moderate.Ĭlick to expand.Yeah, maybe the PDFs you read were a little too much for the device. Give iBooks a try and then decide for yourself if it works for your PDFs or is actually unusable. The old iPads don't have a Retina display, but it's up to you if the resolution is enough for your PDFs or not. Of course you can use iTunes (or Finder) via USB and directly copy/sync the PDFs onto your iPad. I simply import the PDFs from a SMB network share (NAS/server) via WiFi into the local iBooks app (by using Filebrowser). Totally fine experience even when zooming heavily into the vector graphics. Each has ~130 pages, +30 MB, lots of images and vector graphics (statistics, maps). I use our 1st gen iPads (256 MB RAM) for reading weekly released magazines. And it's not like you have to spend any additional money. It surely suffices unless the PDFs are really complex.
![]() From cropped styles to longer cuts to countless pairs with pockets-a feature I'm learning is a game changer-just keep scrolling to shop all 25 of the highly reviewed and loved leggings that made the cut. So sleuth I did, all so I could bring you (and myself) the best leggings the site has to offer based on what real customers had to say. After all, I don't always have time to shop in stores to get a sense of what pieces are really like up close, and sleuthing through Amazon's review section is the next best thing. ![]() Naturally, my next move was to turn to Amazon. Premium Stretch Soft High Waisted Jeggings for Women - Denim Leggings - Cotton Stretch Blend. I know I wear leggings more than I'd like to admit these days, whether it's for my morning yoga, to work from home, for quick walks around my neighborhood, or just to hang out, and it's made me realize that my collection could definitely use a little sprucing up. ![]() However, I think we can all agree that they're currently getting more use than ever. Whether for actually working out or weekend errands, leggings have been considered a wardrobe essential for quite some time now. ![]() ![]() ![]() Step into an innovative kitchen and laundry room filled with appliances. We have Agents who are certified in servicing and repairing Apple devices. Sony experts are ready to show you the latest TVs, sound bars and gaming experiences from Sony.ĭiscover the incredible pictures, theater-quality sound and stunning video of the latest LG TVs. See how Samsung's technology can redefine your home theater experience. Try the latest Samsung devices, chat with experts, and get help in Samsung Skills Workshops. Get help from Microsoft experts and try out a full range of Microsoft products and accessories. Visit our store-within-a store for all things Apple: Mac, iPad, iPhone, Apple TV and more. ![]() Come in to experience camera shopping the way it should be. Apply Nowĭiscover in-store showrooms, where you can get expert advice and browse a selection of premium products. ![]() Shop Open BoxĪpply for a seasonal job at Best Buy, where you’ll surround yourself with a great team and get an amazing employee discount on the tech you love. But you can rest assured that open-box products are always covered by our Return and Exchange Promise. Check back often because our selection varies.
![]() ![]() To make the tint more or less transparent, drag the Opacity slider. To create a tinted image, turn on Colour Overlay and tap Fill to select a tint colour. Scale to Fit: Resizes the image to fit the slide’s dimensions, but maintains the image’s proportions. Scale to Fill: Makes the image larger or smaller to leave no space around the image. To resize the image, drag the Scale slider. ![]() Tile: Repeats the image in the slide background. Stretch: Resizes the image to fit the slide’s dimensions, which might change the image’s proportions. Original Size: Places the image without altering the image’s original dimensions. To change how the image fills the slide background, tap an option: Release your finger to select a colour.Īn image: Tap Image, tap Change Image, then tap a photo to insert an image from iCloud or another service, tap “Insert from”. To preview colours on the slide, touch and hold a colour on the slide, then drag across other colours on the slide. To change the gradient angle, drag the Angle slider.Ī colour from elsewhere on the slide: Tap at the top of the menu, then tap a colour on the slide. To switch the gradient direction, tap Flip Colour. To select a colour, release your finger.Ī two-colour gradient fill: Tap Gradient, tap Start Colour or End Colour, then tap a colour. A colour label appears for each previewed colour to help you reproduce an exact match. To preview colours on the slide, touch and hold a colour, then drag across the grid. If you can’t see the slide navigator, pinch closed on the slide to zoom out.Ī colour or gradient designed to go with the theme: Tap Preset, swipe left or right to see all choices, then tap a colour.Īny colour: Tap Colour, swipe up or down to see all choices, then tap a colour. In the slide navigator, tap to select a slide or select multiple slides.
![]() ![]() Use the app to remotely access I/O in the field or for testing and troubleshooting during application development. The Sealevel Modbus Connect app for iOS allows you to access the registers, coils and discrete I/O of your Sealevel Modbus devices and is available on the App Store. Sealevel’s SeaMAX software drivers and utilities make installation and operation easy using Microsoft Windows operating systems. Additionally, LEDs on the RJ45 connector display Ethernet link and communication activity.Ĭommunicate with eI/O Ethernet digital I/O modules using industry standard Modbus TCP protocol or use the Sealevel SeaMAX API software libraries from your application program. Status LEDS on the front show power and I/O activity. Standard operating temperature range of eI/O Ethernet digital I/O modules is 0C to +70C. The clip can also be attached to any flat surface such as a wall or under a counter. ![]() Ready for DIN rail mounting, the eI/O-130PoE includes a removable plastic clip that snaps onto 35mm DIN rail. With PoE, power can be supplied by power sourcing equipment including PoE injectors (midspans) and switches (endspans). This allows power and data to be transferred over a single CAT5 cable and eliminates the need for an external power supply. The eI/O-130PoE is a Class 0 (IEEE 802.3af-2003) Power over Ethernet device. Each pair of inputs share a common for easy field wiring via removable 3.5mm terminal blocks. ![]() Inputs can range from 5-30VDC and provide 3500VDC (2500VAC RMS) isolation to ground. Control and monitor four optically isolated inputs via any 10/100BaseT Ethernet connection with the eI/O-130PoE digital I/O module. ![]() ![]() Typinator is a relatively cheap, but not free, text expander program. FastKeys is a $19 license to bring you all of the benefits of AHK with none of the need to learn scripting. Open source software is typically free, but the apps built on top of it don’t have to be, and this is no exception. Of course, this accessibility comes at a price. You can still create complex macros and scripts that include mouse movement and other advanced features, it’s just all made a little easier. It is, specifically, built to make the text expansion features of AHK much more accessible. That’s what FastKeys is it’s essentially a GUI for AHK. ![]() Fortunately, since it’s open-source, other developers are able to build their own platform using it as a base. ![]() FastKeysĪuto Hotkey is a very powerful scripting language, but it’s also tricky to use if you’re not script-savvy. I highly recommend that you give it a try if you can. On the other hand, if you’ve literally ever written a line of code before, you can figure out AHK pretty quickly. If you’re not a code junky and just want something you can configure in a few seconds, this probably isn’t for you. While it’s free and extremely light-weight, AHK is also a scripting language, which means you need to actually learn the basics of how to use it for scripting. I’ve seen people use it for simple text expansion and replacement, and I’ve seen people use it for automating entire tasks to the press of a button. AHK is open-source and is basically a free scripting language that can do, well, basically anything. ![]() Unlike Phrase Express, it is not cross-platform, which is unfortunate, because it’s extremely powerful. Auto HotkeyĪuto Hotkey is one of the more popular text expanders for Windows. Pricing ranges from about $50 to about $200, one-time fees for lifetime licenses, with additional costs for “maintenance”, which includes program updates. In addition to a free limited version, they have three versions licensed for commercial use with escalating ranges of features. One of their more clever features is the ability to translate entire phrase trees into different languages for cross-language work. In addition to a huge array of snippets, you can sync snippets across platforms and even share them with team members. Phrase Express is one of the more robust entries on this list, with a ton of features that make it great for personal and for business use. That’s why I’ve put together this list fifteen different options for text expansion apps you can use to put those clever hacks into use. Textexpander is a good app, but it’s not the right choice for everyone and every purpose. Many people also use preconfigured text blocks to insert things like your name, address, and phone number, turning a full NAP block into something as simple as typing and hitting Enter. Higher tier usage allows you to use common commands to add symbols you’d otherwise need to look up and copy-paste into a document. ![]() They all have varying capabilities and pricing levels, but they all do basically the same thing they allow you to type a short word or key-phrase and have it automatically replaced with a full block of text.Īt the most basic level you have an autocorrect feature that capitalizes words and acronyms for you. Textexpander is one of many text replacement tools available on the web. Elsewhere on this site, I covered a variety of different hacks and tricks you can implement using a tool like Textexpander. ![]() ![]() ![]() Luckily, the process is simple: All you need to do is make use of the instructions above to access the password manager. If you’ve accidentally selected “Never” when prompted to save your password in Google Chrome, you likely want to fix your mistake. Chrome may prompt you to re-enter your password to fill in saved passcodes. If you have more than one login saved for that particular site, you can place your cursor in the field – username and choose the login you want to use from the list that appears. Passwords can be copied, deleted, edited or exported from this screen.Ĭhrome will automatically lead you to select a saved password on a known website. Passwords can be managed on the “Password Manager” screen. If you go to log in on a new site, Chrome will create a pop-up on your screen where you can choose “Save” or exit the prompt. Also, you can toggle the “Auto Sign-in” switch. From there, go to “Settings,” then “Passwords.” Then you can toggle “Offer to save passwords.” If you wish Chrome to automatically sign you in to websites with your saved login information. Open the Google Chrome browser and click the icon with three vertical dots of the screen in the top right-hand corner. It will require your passcode or Touch/Face ID to authorize the autofill. When logging in to an account, Google Chrome will display any saved information above the keyboard after you select the login field. Chrome will require your passcode or Touch/Face ID to edit passwords. Tap “Edit” in the top right-hand corner of the screen. Passwords can be managed by following the steps above and selecting the site you wish to manage from the list. Then choose the key icon labeled “Password Manager” and use the toggle next to “Offer To Save Passwords.” If you go to the new site login option, Chrome will create a pop-up where you can choose “Save” or exit out of the prompt. Open the browser (Google Chrome) and tap the icon with three horizontal dots of your screen at the bottom right. You can also manage a saved password directly from a site’s login screen by clicking on the key icon to the right of the address bar. Click the icon with three vertical dots next to the password you’d like to manage and you will be able to copy, edit or remove that password. To manage saved passwords, follow the instructions above and your saved passwords will appear below the toggle switches. Instead of selecting “Autofill,” you may need to look for a key icon and access Chrome’s password manager using this button. These instructions may vary with the version of Chrome you run or your OS. If you go to a new site login, Chrome will create a pop-up where you can select between “Save” or “Never” (save) your passwords. Select “Autofill” and then toggle the switch next to “Offer to save passwords.” If you wish Chrome to automatically sign in to your sites with saved login information, you can also toggle the “Auto Sign-in” switch. Open Google Chrome, then click on your profile icon in the top right-hand corner of the screen. You can also manage a saved password on the login screen for that site by clicking on the key icon to the right of the address bar. For new websites or accounts, Chrome will prompt you to “Never” or “Save” (save) your passwords. ![]() From the left side of the screen the populated lists, select “Autofill” and then “Password Manager.” Toggle the switch next to “Offer to save passwords.” If you wish Chrome to automatically sign you in to websites with saved login information, you also can toggle the “Auto Sign-in” switch. Select “Settings” from the drop-down menu. Open Google Chrome, then click on the icon with three vertical dots in the top right-hand corner of the screen. If they are, Google Chrome will automatically prompt you to save your password and autofill your logins for you on most websites. Once you have downloaded the browser onto your device, all you will need to do is ensure that the Save Passwords and Autofill features are enabled. How To Save Passwords on ChromeĪving account information with Google Chrome is a relatively straightforward process. This guide can teach you how to save login information and passwords on the Google Chrome browser and help you keep your array of accounts organized, protected and easy to access. ![]() Since each new account needs a unique username and password, it’s natural to become confused about your login credentials. It’s become progressively common for users to need an account in order for them to access a website’s full range of services and content. ![]() ![]() ![]() In the event you can neither follow suit or play a trump, you may slough.If the suit led with was a trump play a higher ranking trump card if possible. If you are unable to follow suit, but a have a card in hand from the trump suit, you must play that card.Play a higher ranking card than the lead if possible. If you have a card in hand the matches the suit lead with you must play it. Thus, each pinochle hand is played in three phases: bidding, melds, and tricks. Pinochle players score points by forming combinations of cards into melds and also by traditional trick-taking. Each trick after the first trick is led by the winner of the previous trick. A Game of Partnerships The classic combination of bidding, melding and trick-taking Pinochle is a trick-taking game played with a 48 card deck. This continues until all 12 tricks have been played. During a trick, each player plays exactly one card. A trick is won by playing either the highest ranking trump card or, if there are no trumps, the highest ranking card that follows the suit led with. The declarer leads the initial trick by playing any card they wish. The tie breaking criteria vary based on the variant being played.Īfter the melds have been scored players pick up their hands and prepare for the trick-taking portion of the game. If more than one player or team has enough points to win the game then a tie breaker will be used to decide which player or team wins. If no one is eligible to win the game at the end of the round then a new round is started. If any player's/team's overall score is more than or equal to the number of points to win the game then this is the last round. Once everyone figures out how many points should be added or subtracted to each player's/team's overall score the points are added or subtracted. Depending on the variation being played each player and/or team must win (take) a certain number of tricks and/or earn a specified number of points for their meld to be added to their overall score. If the bid winner(s) didn't earn at least the amount of points they bid then none of the points they earned this round are valid, and the full amount they bid is subtracted from their overall point total. Trump based meld values CompositionĪfter the trick phase is complete then each player/team adds up the points they earned during each phase. ![]() After all the meld combinations each person has are displayed face up on the table, and the points are counted, everyone picks up their melded cards and puts them back into their hand. People group the meld combinations in various ways but the key differences are meld combinations that are only valid in trump and meld combinations that are valid regardless of trump. Pinochle variations disagree about what each combination is worth, and some are more lax about what counts as a valid combination but the core meld combinations are universal. Meld is essentially combinations of cards that we have in our individual hands that are worth points. The melding phase is our first opportunity to make good on that claim. In the bidding phase we bragged about the amount of points we think we can earn this round. ![]() ![]() ![]() 【Compatible with All Systems】No need to install any drivers, HONGO portable monitor for laptop/macbook pro/computer/MAC/phone/PC/tablet/PS4/PS5/Xbox/SWITCH and more device models, perfect choice as a second monitor. ![]() Ideal as a travel monitor or portable external monitor for work from home, it is also great for business 【Ultra Slim & Ultra Portable】Ultra thin 0.35”, equipped with smart monitor stand with adjustable viewing angle, more stable than normal portable display’s stand.Perfect choice for its Portability and Ease of Use. 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Only One USB Type-C Cable is required to connect for power supply & display signal transmission. 【Double Type-C Port】For Ultra Convenience, cocopar monitor provides 2 Full Feature Type-C ports.Born to deliver you stunning visuals with awesome color reproduction. 1080p resolution, 72% sRGB, 178° FULL viewing angle, FreeSync, HDR, Low Blue Light features. 【1080P HDR Monitor】15.6 inch 1920×1080 Super Clear IPS A-grade screen.【MacOS User Attention】For MacOS User, If you meet the problem of Dull Screen, please uncheck “High Dynamic Range” in Displays to solve the problem.They might still not compete with the traditional monitors for Mac, but they are catching up in many areas. The best portable monitors for MacBooks are versatile devices perfect for leveling up your multitasking capability. You can increase your productivity while using a MacBook Air by using a portable, lightweight monitor. A 1080p panel is a must-have requirement for the best portable monitor for MacBook Air.īest portable monitors for MacBook Air| Top 10 picks An essential factor you need to ensure is the quality of the display. ![]() If the portable monitor you buy does not match that quality, you will have a rough time utilizing the monitor for the best usage. The MacBook Air is a sophisticated laptop with superior build quality meant to last long and be durable for rough uses. Additionally, the best portable monitor for MacBook Air might also feature a decent battery backup system. For example, the add-on monitor should have a slim form factor and quick access buttons for easy accessibility. If you are planning on getting an extra screen for your MacBook Air, ensure it has useful features. Therefore, for maximum portability, the weight of any external display on the MacBook Air must not exceed that limit. The latest MacBook Air only weighs around 2.7 lbs. In that regard, you can check out our take on the best monitors for Macs. If your MacBook Air’s second monitor weighs more than the laptop, it’s better to stick with a traditional monitor. The best portable monitor makers for MacBook Air will keep the weight as low as possible. Other than that, the display’s brightness and contrast ratio also determine the overall quality. Typically, most productive work can be done comfortably on display with 1920×1080 resolution. It would be helpful if you did not consider any monitor that does not have full HD support. The display quality is significant in deciding the best portable monitor for the MacBook Air. As we review the best portable monitors for MacBook Air, we suggest using a monitor that matches the display size of your laptop. However, depending on the circumstances, you will select the size you need for your job. Anything more extensive than that should not be considered a mobile product. ![]() Portable monitors compatible with MacBook Air must maintain a screen size below the 18-inch mark. In that regard, our take on the best portable monitor for MacBook Air includes devices with appropriate connectivity options. The most portable MacBook monitor comes with USB-C Power Delivery and Micro HDMI connectivity. Portable monitors for MacBooks must include decent connectivity features.
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